Wednesday, October 30, 2019
Two topics to choose from Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Two topics to choose from - Research Paper Example However, although each of these factors are salient and must be considered, the fact of the matter is that the degree and extent to which media consolidation has taken place within the past several decades is, at least within the mind of this author, the greater threat. Moreover, media consolidation cannot be understood merely through the lens of but a few news organizations representing the news to the citizen; rather, it must be understood as but a handful of media moguls controlling any and all information concerning global and/or regional politics. Such a situation is necessarily dangerous and diminishes the degree and extent to which the citizen is able to make an informed decision concerning the events that are taking place in the world around them. Further, it is the belief of this author that the narrowing of the media and the consolidation that has taken place within this past several decades has created situation by which but a few media conglomerates control upwards of 85% of newsprint and television media within the nation. When one considers the case of radio, the percentage is somewhat smaller; however, massive media firms such as Clear Channel are not far behind this troubling figure. Beyond merely creating a situation in which corporate interests are directly translated to the viewer by powerful companies, this narrowing and consolidation of the media also presents a situation by which the government could potentially find it quite easy to influence upon the way that a particular story and/or stories are related to the viewer/listener/reader (Stoll, 2006). Due to the fact that powerful corporations operate in close cooperation with the government (seeking to leverage tax breaks, contracts, and further competitiveness), the ease by which the government could offer a particular benefit to one of these firms and present the news in a particular way is profound and troubling. Evidence of this has recently been noted by the way in which the New York Times has reported on a litany of different stories and oftentimes briefs the administration prior to printing any of these scoops (Kawashima, 2011). Although it is unfair to target the New York Times alone, such a practice is not constrained to this media entity. Naturally, the call of national security is oftentimes leveraged as a means of stating why the press should confer with the administration and/or government prior to reporting on a particular story, a situation by which the press and the media operates in direct conjunction and cooperation with the government is the complete inverse of what the founding fathers initially prescribed within the First Amendment. A host of recent studies indicates that the American populace is becoming less and less informed with regards to global issues. Although it is not fair to blame been narrowing of media and/or the consolidation that is been experienced over the past several decades, it is fair to state that these realities have not hel ped to broaden the understanding that Americans have with regards to a particular news story or item of importance. In short, what can be understood by the reader is the fact that a free press
Monday, October 28, 2019
Operations in hilti company Essay Example for Free
Operations in hilti company Essay You are the manager of a firm selling product X in a competitive market. You consider writing a market report on X. Due to some economic changes, there is significant increase in the wages of workers. Please write a report about the expected effects on the market equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity of product X. the following points help you organize your report: 1. Indicate the effect of this event on supply and / or on demand. 2. Analyse what will happen to market equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity in the short run. 3. If wages are expected to continue at higher levels, analyse what will happen to market equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity in the long run. The competitive market is one of the type of economic market structure. In a competitive market the price is determined through the forces of demand and supply. The following essay the effects of increase on wages on product price, quantity traded, and the supply and demand. The demand is the want or need of the person with the willingness to purchase the good at a particular price. The demand is negatively correlated to price. As the price increases the quantity demanded decreases. The supply is the desire and willingness of the supplier to sell the product at a particular price. The downward sloping curve represents demand. Supply is positively correlated to price. As the price increases the quantity supplied increases. Hence, the positive sloping curve represents supply. In the competitive market the point where demand and supply meets is the equilibrium point, which shows the equilibrium price and quantity traded. This is illustrated in the following graph. The increase in wages, increases the costs of the product. This then will decrease the supply bringing a shift in the supply curve. The shift of the supply curve occurs when any factor except price changes bringing an effect on supply. The increase in cost of production will reduce the supply at level of the price because now it has become more costly to produce the supply. The supply curve will shift towards left. The following diagram shows that the supply curve S1 has shifted to S2. This has increased the market equilibrium price in the short run from P1 to P2. The quantity traded has decreased from Q1 to Q2. Long? Run market supply curve. The short? run market supply curve is just the horizontal summation of all the individual firms supply curves. The long? run market supply curve is found by examining the responsiveness of short? run market supply to a change in market demand. As the wages will increase, in the long run the price will reduce and the quantity traded will increase because there will be more entrants into the market and the competition will reduce the price of the product. However, the profit levels will also decreases due to the increase in the wages. Question 2 You’ve been hired by a firm to determine whether it should shut down its operation. The firm currently uses 70 workers to produce 300 units of output per day. The daily wage (per worker) is $40, and the price of the firm’s output is $20. The cost of other variable inputs is $500 per day. The firms fixed cost is $3000 per day. You know that the marginal cost of the last unit is $30. 1. Calculate the firm’s daily losses 2. Should the firm continue to operate at a loss? Carefully explain your answer. Total daily losses are the following: Description Cost / Revenue Total cost Total daily sales 300 x 20 6000 Daily total wages 70 x 40 2800 Variable inputs 500 Fixed costs 3000 Total Cost 6300 Daily losses 300 According to the profit maximization theory, each unit sold, marginal profit (M? ) equals marginal revenue (MR) minus marginal cost (MC). Then, if marginal revenue is greater than marginal cost at some level of output, marginal profit is positive and thus a greater quantity should be produced, and if marginal revenue is less than marginal cost, marginal profit is negative and a lesser quantity should be produced. At the output level at which marginal revenue equals marginal cost, marginal profit is zero and this quantity is the one that maximizes profit. In this case, the marginal profit is negative as according in competitive market marginal revenue is equal to price hence, it is $20 and marginal cost being $30, this equals to -$10. The company should not operate at a loss. Question 3 Given the data of the last question (2), the owner of the firm suggested that losses can be reduced by firing some workers. If you found that the marginal product of the 70th worker was 4units of output per day, do you agree with the owner to reduce employment in order to reduce losses? Please explain carefully. The marginal product of labour is the change in the output compared to the change in the number of labour. Hence, the 70th labour is producing 4 units per day according to the data given in the question. The marginal product of labour is 4. In order to determine the demand of labour, the value of marginal product will be calculated. The value of marginal product should equal to price of the product which is the marginal revenue (MR) with the marginal product of labour (MRP). As long as a worker’s value of marginal product exceeds the wage, the worker is hired. But because the marginal product is diminishing, eventually so many workers will have been hired that the value of the marginal product of an additional worker would be less than the wage. At this point the hiring will stop. A firm hires labour up to the point at which the value of marginal product equals the wage rate. If the value of marginal product of labour exceeds the wage rate, a firm can increase its profit by employing more workers. This can be summed in the following way: Where TR = total revenue; Q = quantity MR x MPL = (? TR/? Q) x (? Q/? L) = ? TR/? L Hence, in this case the value of marginal product is: MR X MPL = 20 x 4 = 80 Wage rate = ? TR/? L = 40 The company should continue to hire more labour as the marginal product will diminish which will eventually bring the marginal revenue product of labour down until the wage rate is equal to the marginal revenue product of labour.
Saturday, October 26, 2019
Annexation In Texas :: essays research papers
The legal authority of Texas cities to annex, and the reasons Texas has been a liberal annexer as well as why the pace of annexation has slowed since 1970 are numerous. In retrospect, this paper will discuss and bring to the table some of the finer points of these statements.      Annexation was, for a long time, a typical proceeding in Texas. Everything from anthropomorphic ideologies to governmental necessities is typically discussed amongst the municipalities and councils that govern and operate Texas cities, as to why a specific place should be annexed. In the earliest days, this country was founded by Masonic people who believed firmly in a tenant called E pluribus Unum, meaning from many one. As this statement suggests, we were the formational creation from many states into one consistent union.      Annexation works pretty much the same way, in that a larger body envelops and consumes the smaller one into itself, so that the larger may prosper. As could be said of the residents in our own city of Houston, Bellaire was only recently annexed to the dismay and objection of its citizens. This would preclude to the ideology of Thomas Aquinas, inasmuch as he discussed Veritatis Splendor Aterna Infernum, meaning the splendor of truth is an eternal hell. The truth being that the residents of Bellaire did not really have any coinciding choice in the matter, and thence having to live through the hell of Houston politics as an example of Texas annexation. The ending outcome for this meant for them that their police department, waste disposal, and fire departments would now be governed by Houston as a whole.      In the 1970’s the Texas laws changed yet again, not allowing anyone to annex larger amounts of land and thus throwing the governing bodies to a significant halt. During the 70’s, Texas cities maintained their tax base through annexation of land and subsequently when the free flowing waters of taxes began to halt so the cities started to decay, very similar in nature to the dilapidation of the North.      Also, as a major consequence for government here in Texas (both at the state and local levels, respectively), was to preserve the health of the states major cities in the face of economic and demographic change. With this in mind, our viewpoints were redirected during that period towards the consummation of our cities, and in turn, allowed the cities in Texas to grow and rebirth.
Thursday, October 24, 2019
Options Essay examples -- essays research papers fc
Options      As early as 1000 B.C., we can see an early sign of options. According to the Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, Thales the Philosopher knew from the stars that there would be a great olive harvest. Thales did not have much money, but was able to purchase options for the use of olive presses. When the harvest arrived he was able to rent the presses at a substantial profit. Thales speculation on the harvest allowed for him to purchase rights to the presses. He could then exercise his rights if his speculations on the harvest were correct.      An option is a contract giving the buyer the right to buy or sell an asset at a specific price for a limited time. An option is a contract between the buyer and seller with defined parameters. The asset that is bought or sold is called the underlying. This underlying asset could be a commodity, a futures contract, or stock. The seller gives the buyer the rights for a sum of money called a premium. The price that the underlying right is bought or sold at is called the exercise price. The two types of Options are Calls and Puts.      When an option gives the buyer the right to purchase underlying assets from a writer is called a call option. The call option is the most straightforward strategy for capitalizing on an anticipated increase in the price of the underlying asset. The investor that buys a call option is said to be in a long call position. An investor that believes the price of an underlying asset will decline or remain the same, can if his speculations are correct, realize income by selling a call option. The seller is said to be in a short call position.      When the purchaser of an option has the right to sell the underlying asset the option is called a put option. With a put option you can insure an asset by locking in a selling price. If the price of the underlying falls you can exercise your option and sell it at the locked in price. If the price of the underlying asset increases then you would not exercise your right and the only cost incurred is the premium paid for the option. The investor that purchases a put option is said to long put position. The investor that can earn income buy selling a put is said to be in a short put position.      The people that buy ... ... However, if understood they can be very useful. They are excellent tools for hedging and lowering risk as well as investments for profit. The option market allows for two types of transactions to be exercised at the same time; buying and selling the options and being able to sell the underlying asset holdings. The Option Clearing Corporation makes sure that these day to day option trading runs smoothly. These reason are why options are a good alternative to other security trading. The Wonderful World of Options                                         Bibliography 1.     Brealey, Myers, Marcus, Fundamentals of Corporate Finance 2.     Fischer Robert, Stocks or Options? Programs for profit. 3.     Fabozzi Frank, Zarb Frank, Handbook of Financial Markets 4.     Stewart Joseph, Dynamic Stock Option Trading 5.     Chicago Board Options exchange- Web site-
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Describe Ann Weiss’s first encounter with the baker
Describe Ann Weiss’s first encounter with the baker. How does the reality of that meeting contrast with her expectations?Ann Weiss first met the baker because she wanted to place an order for a cake for her son’s birthday. Ann felt that she and the baker could exchange more than just necessary information. After all, to Ann, she was talking to a baker who must have had celebrated birthday parties with his children as well, and this, she felt, was something that they shared. However, instead of the warm, friendly conversation about children and birthday parties that she expected, the baker was resolutely methodological, inquiring nothing more than just the information he needed.2. Favorite poem for the weekFor my favorite poem this week, I chose Carolyn Kizer’s â€Å"Bitch†. Kizer’s poem is a powerful statement about women’s place in relationship, and how she views herself.Kizer grew up us the daughter of socially prominent personalities, and described her father as an authoritarian. Kizer spent two years as a State specialist in Pakistan and taught at a women’s university there. Kizer is known for her â€Å"feminist and socially-conscious wit†, writing on varied topics including women, politics, nature and science.Learning these, it becomes clearer where Kizer is coming from as she writes. Having a strong father and staying in a conflict-driven, patriarchal society like Pakistan did not stop Kizer from developing her own skills and prowess, later on to prove that women are also beings of power.Question for Class Discussion:  How does the image of the bitch help the poem?Links to Carolyn Kizer:http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/LITLINKS/poetry/kizer.htmhttp://www.pw.org/mag/pc_paris2.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolyn_Kizer
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
How to Lead a Cross-Functional Team Collaboration With CoSchedule
How to Lead a Cross-Functional Team Collaboration With Cross-functional teams are assembled to tackle complexity. A group of specialists is stronger than a handful of generalists. But individual specialists are too narrow to handle the sprawling landscape of modern marketing. Heres some perspective: Were competing in an age where brands have become media companies to entertain the masses Organizations build free software tools to attract new prospects Companies like Proctor Gamble spend $4.6 billion yearly on advertising alone Thats the world you compete in - and your cross-functional team is smack-dab in the middle of it. So the big question is: Can your team seamlessly work together to get the job done? You can hammer nails with a brick, but its going to take a heck of a long time. Instead, you need a hammer. Something made exactly for the job. Its the same for us marketers How To Lead A Cross-Functional Team Collaboration With @You Need The Tool Built Specifically For The Job We often get stuck with tools built for every use case rather than our use case. is the tool built for modern marketers to manage everything in one place. In this post, youre going to learn how to lead your cross-functional team to success using a tool built just for you: . âš’ No more using a mishmash of single-function tools its time for a platform built to suit. 📉 Sayonara to spreadsheets to manage your spreadsheets its time to transition every last detail into . 👋 Wave goodbye to endless meetings to finally get on the same page. (Only to have people ask, Whats going on again? 10 minutes later) its time to get a birds-eye view of everyones deadlines. Its time to get a birds-eye view of your marketing teams deadlines with @What Problems Do Cross-Functional Teams Face? To start, lets outline the big problems cross-functional teams are up against. In a 2015 study, researchers found out that 75% of cross-functional teams weren’t actually all that functional. #irony Lead researcher, Behnam Tabrizi discovered these kinds of teams were failing on several fronts: Meeting a planned budget. Staying on schedule. Adhering to specifications. Meeting customer expectations. Maintaining alignment corporate goals. What are the most common failure points for cross-functional marketing teams (and how canThese failures surprised me. After all, how can seemingly advanced teams of specialists miss things like budget, schedule, or goal alignment? Theyre project management 101. Tabrizi explained: Cross-functional teams often fail because the organization lacks a systemic approach. So, whats a cross-functional team lead to do? How Can Help You Lead Them? Enter . With , you have a systematic approach at your fingertips. Its built for keeping all of these plates spinning (so your brain doesnt have to): 🆥 marketing campaigns, 🆥 project management, 🆥 email marketing, 🆥 team workflows, 🆥 threaded conversations, 🆥 content creation, 🆥 file sharing, 🆥 social media, 🆥 and everything else the best marketing programs need managed. Now, here are two big ways these features will help you lead your cross-functional team to sweet marketing victory. Here are two big ways @will help you lead your cross-functional team to sweet marketingManage Multi-Teaming With One Source Of Truth Imagine youre in charge of managing all of your companys content. And youre responsible for launching a new product. This means: Email campaigns, Fresh website copy, Product positioning content, Sales decks, Case studies, Social media promo, Company blog posts, Landing pages, Etc Fortunately, you have a super savvy team made up of writers, editors, designers, a social media manager, and even a couple developers. And that team is also collaborating with other teams like sales, operations, and finance. The problem is, as one study found, is that 81% of those working on teams work on more than one concurrently. If you have 10 people, 8 of them are also working on other projects. This reality is called multi-teaming. And it means that every other team leader is clamoring for the time, attention, and expertise on their own projects. Every multi-teamed individual then gets pulled in opposite directions weekly - even daily. This is a real hurdle to cross-functional team success. And it can put every projects deadlines and deliverables in jeopardy. For instance, if your developer is also working on three other projects, what happens when a major fire starts elsewhere? They need to jump out of your project and into another because of the prioritized urgency. Really, then, your teams attention on your project looks more like this This puts your project at risk. But there is also the additional cost to productivity because on onboarding and re-onboarding. Obviously, just because someone steps away from your project doesnt mean it stops. But while it moves forward, theyre out of the loop. This means theyre playing catch up when they finally step back in. The great news is can help tremendously. Struggling with cross-functional team collaboration? Heres how @can help tremendouslyUse As Your One Source Of Truth can help your team seamlessly re-onboard into your project by acting as your one source of truth. Im on the Demand Generation team, here. But I still collaborate on projects with our Brand Buzz, Product Marketing, Sales, and Dev teams every week. Im in-and-out of projects constantly. So, whenever I hop into the tool I get an overview of which campaigns I have projects and tasks in. Each tile in the image below represents an entire marketing campaign. From this view, I can see: campaign owner, campaign duration, campaign title, my other team members, and the % completion. Then, when I click into the campaign itself, I see each of the projects that are part of it. This tile now represents a project Im the owner of. In this case, its core content for our #MakeshiftMarketing campaign. Then, within this project, I see all: âÅ"… tasks, 📅 deadlines, ðŸâ€"“ publish dates, 🙋†♀ï ¸  conversations, 📄 creative briefs, ðŸâ€"‚ relevant files, 📈 and even analytics. Best of all, even if Ive been out of a project for awhile, I can see all of this without ever having to drop by anyones desk or send an IM. In this case, I can see that if I dont get my stuff done, Ben will be waiting on me. And because I like Ben, thats no good. Even better, once Ive marked an assigned task complete, the relevant person can get an approval notification. This way, they know its ready for review, approval, and the next person to start working. This system is invaluable for my multi-teamed compatriots and me. But how does this work outside of our teams? How does @connect marketing departments to other cross-functional teams?How Does This Work In The Real World? An excellent example of how this works in the real world is the story of customer Vega. Vega is a premium brand of plant-based lifestyle and performance nutrition products. And with a marketing team of 32 employees, they have tons of cross-collaborative campaigns and projects happening all at once. Before , they were stuck with project requests flooding their email inbox managing the deluge of details by hand and managing deadlines between teams and departments. As a growing company, this simply didnt work. Their teams need a birds-eye view of everything that was happening for real-time visibility into their marketing. Said their content marketing specialists, Elizabeth Jarrard: has saved me a ton of time in streamlining that process. And I have the ability to have a much higher view of what’s going out on all of Vega’s distribution points at any given time. When everyone has an accurate line of sight into whats happening, less time is spent in re-onboarding And more time is spent working. This proves especially true for multi-teamed employees in every organization. Said their content marketing manager, Amber Kennedy: [] makes conversations about last minute changes or projects a five minute chat, instead of an hour long meeting spent scratching our heads wondering how we’re going to make it work. Vegas diverse functional teams now have an incredible Vegas marketing team is hard at work building their audience and keeping current fans engaged. In addition to content that supports brand awareness campaigns, Vega’s content distribution includes organic and paid social media posts, editorial and promotional emails, educational webinars, and more. Basically, its a lot of smart people doing a lot of cool things getting great eCommerce results. Amber also says: My favorite feature is that everything is in one place. We open , run a saved calendar view, and have a conversation. It’s easier to collaborate and be on the same page. Takeaway: Use to mitigate the impact of multi-teaming, while maximizing the precious time each team member spends on your projects. #2. Drive Goals And Deadlines With Task Templates Imagine if your paycheck was dependent on your team hitting every goal. Nowhere to hide At the end of two weeks, the KPIs told the story of getting paid (or not). Thatd be rough for some of us. But, what if theres a simple way to increase your odds of succeeding by 4.3X? Obviously youd do it, right? Well, there is. According to our research, marketers who set goals are 429% more likely to report success than those who dont. A Harvard study found that setting goals: Increases motivation in individuals and groups. And increases achievement in nearly any setting. Your cross-functional team is no different. While setting goals is amazing, its not the same as achieving them. So, how do you parlay goal setting into the promised land of success? How can marketers parley goal setting into the promised land of success with @?Reverse Engineer Your Goals Into Tasks Attached To Deadlines Its time to reverse engineer your goals into tasks attached to firm deadlines. Reverse engineering your goals is pretty standard fare. If your goal is to increase qualified leads by 40%, you define the steps to get there. But imagine your cross-functional team has six people: Team lead (you) Designer Copywriter Editor Sales PPC manager Developer Where do you start? Probably with your standard bevy of spreadsheets and tools. Only, you manage one process in tool X, another in tool Y, another in tool Z When you work with sales on a new deck, you use Basecamp to manage the workflow. This is because both your team and sales have access to the app. When you create blog posts, however, you use Asana to manage the process among your team because thats what your design team uses. And when you create email campaigns, you use Google Sheets. Even when there are similarities in your process (e.g. plan/write/design/edit/schedule), you have to spend time learning how to execute the process in new tools- not to mention, trying to remember where all this stuff lives. Use The Task-Simplification Framework An excellent remedy is a framework called task simplification. Former CEO of Intel, Andrew S. Grove, described it in his landmark book, High Output Management. And its perfect for planning goal-driven marketing workflows. For each piece you’ll create (think blog post, e-book, landing page, etc.), run through these steps (head’s up- I’ve built upon Andrew’s original advice): Write out every task that needs to be done. Identify and delete the tasks that are unnecessary. Combine tasks together that will be completed at the same time. Delegate only one person to complete one task (e.g. don’t expect two people to complete one task). Assign a due date for each task as â€Å"{#} of days before publish†. This framework will help you reduce the amount of work you take on by 30-50%. In addition, by setting clear task due dates, you know when to begin each piece to know when to realistically set deadlines. For example, when you know that blog post will take 22 days to produce, the soonest you can publish it is 23 days from today (if you were to start it today). That’s powerful info that will help you plan realistic deadlines and hit them.
Monday, October 21, 2019
The parable of the cave by Socrates
The parable of the cave by Socrates In The parable of the cave book vii, Socrates tells us about people who have lived in a cave since their existence and they know nothing more than the darkness and shadows in the cave. This is a world in which prisoners are chained in a cave. Behind them, there is a fire and puppets. The puppets cast shadows on the wall, and they can not clearly see some things that are passing by. The things are real in the world of light but they can only see them as shadows. Above the fire there is the sun which is very bright.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The parable of the cave by Socrates specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Definition of the Cave The cave is the region which can be accessed by sight and unfortunately it is what the prisoner can access. The shadows of the puppet makers which are seen by the prisoners represent and/ or build a reality to them (Reeves 191). Socrates tells us that one of the prisoners escaped from the cave and at first he was blinded by the light he meets outside the cave. After he spent time in the new world, he gets a different view of the world and he realized that his life was all along a mere illusion and controlled by other people. Meaning of Fire The prisoners are chained and they are unable to see the actual objects and the puppet makers since they can turn neither their heads nor their legs, hence they can only see what is in front of them. This is what Plato explains in â€Å"the truth will be nothing but shadows of their images†. The fire signifies the sun and the sun represents the whole truth; the light that the prisoners need to see in order to gain their freedom from the world of darkness. Socrates says that the prisoner who went out of the cave and saw the light, represents the philosopher who is enlightened and goes back to the rest of the people to tell them about the truth they don’t know. Meaning of Puppets Socrates asserts that, â€Å"the y seem less real than shadows.†This implies that the prisoners can only see the shadows of the things reflected to them from the wall. They cannot give a clear account of what they see because it portrays half truth of the reality, which is the good in the world of light. Glaucon says that people who are still not enlightened can construct justice by making agreements after deliberations among themselves. This means that the prisoners can only tell the truth based on the ability they see the shadows. The puppets are being held by the puppet handlers, who are the masters of the prisoners in the cave. In my own view, the puppets are the things and ideas used by the masters to continue keeping the prisoners in the dark.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The intensity of the fire is frightening and it is used to blackmail the prisoners. The prisoners will be frightened by the brilliant light of sun because it will burn their eyes so much such that, they may want to go back to the cave. Some people will follow the sun and will know the whole truth. They may then go back to tell the others about what is found outside the cave, which is the light and the real truth. The prisoners believe in shadows because this is all what they have seen in their lives, hence their truth. The ignorance of some prisoners will prevent them from attaining the genuine truth hence they will continue to be chained in their illusions. The freed person is enlightened and goes ahead to face the truth. Rene Descartes and the Parable of the Cave According to Rene Descartes, people become what they think they are. He further asserts that people are only aware of what has existed around them. Based on his philosophy, the prisoners in the cave knew the life they were in and nothing beyond. Though we view their life as a dream, it was their reality (Wartenberg 56). On the contrary, the reality could also be a dream. To some extent, Descartes defends the prisoners’ ignorance to the truth and reality because all they knew was their lives in the cave. Unless they were taken out to experience life outside the cave, they will strongly hold that the shadows they see are the reality. Augustine and the Parable of the Cave Augustine poses that people cannot say that they know the truth when they don’t know how the truth looks like. On the same line of thought, people cannot say that A resembles B when one does not know how B looks like (Olivier 49). The prisoners in the cave do not know what truth and reality are because what they have seen are mere shadows and not the real objects that emit the shadows. Conclusion In conclusion, the parable of the cave takes place in the mind of Socrates and Glaucon, Plato’s Brother. From a general stance, Plato is concerned with the revelation of truth and the manner in which the psychology of people evolves. Th e cave is used metaphorically to portray how people are trapped in their ignorance of basic ethics. Plato further seeks to dig into the truth of things that do not exist in reality. Following the parable of the cave, the power of an individual to interpret situations that do not exist in reality determines one’s intellectual capacity. The prisoners in the cave perceived and understood reality as it was through the shadows reflected on the wall they saw inside the cave. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The parable of the cave by Socrates specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The whole difference comes out when one prisoner gets out and found a completely different world outside. It is obvious that people define their world based on their experiences of what surrounds them physically. The challenge is on whether people will give room for other influences on the truth they have. Work Cited Olivier, Bert. Philosophy and the arts: collected essays. New York, NY: Peter Lang, 2009. Print. Reeves, Francis. Platonic engagements: a contemporary dialogue on morality, justice and the business world. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 2004. Print. Wartenberg, Thomas. Thinking on screen: film as philosophy. Oxford, UK: Taylor Francis, 2007. Print.
Sunday, October 20, 2019
Artificial Selection in Plants
Artificial Selection in Plants In the 1800s, Charles Darwin, with some help from Alfred Russel Wallace, first came up with his Theory of Evolution. In this theory, for the first time that had been published, Darwin proposed an actual mechanism for how species changed over time. He called this idea natural selection. What Is Natural Selection? Basically, natural selection means individuals with the favorable adaptations for their environments would survive long enough to reproduce and pass down those desirable traits to their offspring. Eventually, the unfavorable characteristics would no longer exist after many generations and only the new, favorable adaptation would survive in the gene pool. This process, Darwin hypothesized, would take very long periods of time and several generations of offspring in nature. When Darwin returned from his voyage on the HMS Beagle where he first developed his theory, he wanted to test his new hypothesis and turned to artificial selection to gather that data. Artificial selection is very similar to natural selection since its aim is to accumulate favorable adaptations to create a more desirable species. However, instead of letting nature take its course, evolution is helped along by humans who choose the traits that are desirable and breed individuals possessing those characteristics to create offspring that have those traits. Experiments With Artificial Selection Charles Darwin worked with breeding birds and could artificially select various characteristics such as beak size and shape and color. He showed that he could change the visible features of the birds to show certain traits, much like natural selection would do over many generations in the wild. Artificial selection does not only work with animals, however. There is also a great demand for artificial selection in plants in the present time. Perhaps the most famous artificial selection of plants in biology is the origin of Genetics when Austrian monk Gregor Mendel bred pea plants in his monastery’s garden to collect all of the data that began the entire field of Genetics. Mendel was able to cross-pollinate the pea plants or let them self-pollinate depending on what traits he wished to see in the offspring generation. By doing an artificial selection of his pea plants, he was able to figure out many of the laws that govern the genetics of sexually reproducing organisms. For centuries, humans have been using artificial selection to manipulate the phenotypes of plants. Most of the time, these manipulations are meant to produce some sort of aesthetic change in the plant that is pleasing to look at for their tastes. For instance, flower color is a large portion of artificially selecting for the plant’s traits. Brides planning their wedding day have a special color scheme in mind, and flowers that match that scheme are important to bringing their imagination to life. Florists and flower producers can use artificial selection to create blends of colors, different color patterns, and even leaf coloring patterns on their stems to get the desired results. Benefits of Artificial Selection in Plants Around Christmas time, poinsettia plants are popular decorations. The colors of poinsettias can range from a deep red or burgundy to a more traditional bright red for Christmas, to white, or a mixture of any of those. The colored part of the poinsettia is actually a leaf and not a flower, but artificial selection is still used to get the desired color for any given plant. Artificial selection in plants is not just for pleasing colors, however. Over the last century, artificial selection has been used to create new hybrids of crops and fruit. For instance, corn can be bred to be larger and thicker in the cobs to increase grain yield from a single plant. Other notable crosses include broccoflower (a cross between broccoli and cauliflower) and a tangelo (the hybrid of a tangerine and a grapefruit). The new crosses create a distinctive flavor of the vegetable or fruit that combines properties of their parents.
Saturday, October 19, 2019
Business to business marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words
Business to business marketing - Essay Example Blocker et al., (2012) asserts that the sales force is the driving force that plays an integral part of ‘translating customers’ voice back into the firm’. Needless to say that without an apt sales force, the business is deemed to fail. Thus on that premise, this paper strives to shed light on the importance of the sales force to promote service delivery by SPSL, identify available options regarding organization of this sales force, give a critical evaluation of the extent to which relationship available and business networks likely to enable SPSL to establish a new office and discusses in details the differences between business to business and business to consumer marketing elucidating merits and demerits. This is believed to enable the company to maintain the B2B relations by providing satisfactory services to both businesses and consumers. This is of great importance since Blocker and associates reiterated that the sales force are in a suitable position to not just recognize and manage individual customer profitability and cost, but they too play an integral part in influencing repeat purchase, increase share-spending as well as shape numerous strategic outcomes that could help firms appropriate greater value. The Sales Force and Value creation As aforementioned salespeople play an integral role in the growth and development of any business since they are the one often in touch with the customer. Researches on business have often times dominated on the how to increase sales by increasing customer satisfaction, trust and loyalty, yet, the sales force which plays a pivotal role in any business have received limited research, (Blocker et al.,p.5,FitzHugh & Piercy 2009). Blocker and their team remarked that even theories regarding customer value such as axiology, mean-end theory, the service profit chain and the social exchange have all neglected the salespeople. They therefore highlight that the sales force is the heart of the business has t hey define customer requirements, deploy products as well as supporting the deployment of effective business strategies they employ. Kaufmann and Roesch (2012) also remarked that for the emerging marketing firms (EMFs) to gain a competitive market advantage, they need to explore how they can pursue building and deployment of marketing capabilities, which Blocker and associates offered that the sales force is tin a prime position to do that. Peter and Havey as lead directors of SPSL need not only to improve the general marketing expertise of the sales force but also to identify and improve specific marketing expertise of the salespeople that will enable the firm to tailor its resources appropriately to the demands, habits and characteristics of their target group in that country,(Kaufmann &Roesch,p.11). In the quest to expound the importance of the sales force strategic place in the business to business marketing, Blocker and his group (p.8-10) discussed the following theories regard ing salespeople and business that may be of importance for the SPSL firm to employ in its sales force. Retention Engagement Theory (RET) They postulated that RET engages on retaining customers by offering valuable services and products, thus value was proposed as the ‘motivational force experience’ where desired or undesired forces such as positive or
Friday, October 18, 2019
Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1
Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio - Essay Example He was born on September 29, 1571. By the time he was eleven, he became an orphan and he became an apprentice to Simone Petersano of Milan. When he was seventeen, he went to Rome to work for more artists. For five years, he jumped from one employment to the other, as an apprentice for other painters with less than impressive talents. In 1595, he sold a painting to Cardinal Francesco del Monte. Caravaggio was now under the wings of the church and enjoyed the protection of the cardinal, complete with board and lodging, plus pension in the house of the cardinal. He was now a commissioned artist and is quite famous. His works are very realistic and this appealed to the people in that era. His clients were mostly the religious but despite the spiritual deprivations Caravaggio had when he was growing up, he delivered his art quite well. He must have had at least forty works made for Del Monte. The realism and the play of light started showing in his paintings styles. One must take note that this happened in the Baroque period. Baroque art is heavily influenced by religion, specifically, the Roman Catholic religion. It also reflects the tensions between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism. In the early fifteenth century, the Roman Catholic Church answered the Protestant Reformation movement with Counter Reformation and used art to influence its faithful followers. The light play in light and shadow, as well as the use of realism and portrayal of everyday life was the main schemes of this movement. This is why Caravaggio became successful in this era, as he was supported by the clergy. As there was emphasis on realism and the everyday life, Caravaggio employed laborers as models for his paintings of saints. This act was taken as an offense by the public but he never had a shortage of commissions (but this movement about representing religion in paintings faded, as Baroque as an art movement emphasized daily living and realism). He
Summary and Impact Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1
Summary and Impact - Essay Example The American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI) doubts the claim that e-cigarettes are safe because vapor and smoke are harmful regardless of the way they are consumed. E-cigarettes are new to people; it is the reason why they are treated with interest and attention. I see many people who smoke e-cigarettes during the day. They are massively promoted as a healthy alternative which is 100% safe for people. This study shows that these promiscuous results have not been confirmed yet. After reading this article I believe that e-cigarettes are not as healthy as they are advertised. The only healthy alternative to smoking presupposes that people quit this bad habit forever. If any of my friends decide to try e-cigarettes in order to reduce tobacco consumption, I would warn them that there are no studies to check long-term outcomes or side effects related to this innovation. â€Å"E-Cigarettes: Not a Healthy Alternative to Smoking†. Biology News Net. May 27, 2014. Web. May 28, 2014.
Thursday, October 17, 2019
Managing your identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Managing your identity - Essay Example A single real time identity may act several under different identities over the internet. The presentation of an individual in real time may vary from association with positivism to that of negativism. Social sites are rampant for deceitful identity, for instance. Most internet users express the desire to receive positivism attached to their identity while using the internet. However, some internet users prefer negative identity to positivism for vested reasons. Some internet uses involve professionalism and need high level of identity that displays the reality. Others, on the contrary, require low levels of reality of the internet user. The true characteristics of the internet user are subject to a degree of manipulation, in the later case. The media of preference dictates the personality of an individual while using the internet. Communication media that use semantics of language require low levels of identity. It requires a temporary real time personal identity. For choice of media that require that, personalities should have a vivid identity, including webcams for highly engaging interactions, a nearly true personality is
Equity & trusts on the three certainties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
Equity & trusts on the three certainties - Essay Example This is because the property that was administered on behalf of the beneficiaries by the trustee cannot be determined with certainty. The significance of the subject matter in trust formulation may be able to be in the case of Re Goldcorp Exchange Limited. In this case, bankrupt creditors of the company involved in trading of wine asserted that they have the power to claim on the amount of wine they had paid for. It was the case despite the fact that the bottles of wine that they claim to have paid for could not be identified individually with certainty. The judge ruled that it is imperative to ascertain the subject matter with certainty for a trust to be present. Based on the case, it was challenging and, therefore, trust could be established. The rule may be exceptional only for intangible goods such as shares. The intention of the trust must be Cleary be if the trust is to be considered present. In the case of Re Hamilton of 1895, it was held that the law court must critically obs erve the words used by the testator to ascertain whether there was an intention to create trust. Other cases that have been utilized to substantiate the principle of intention include the case of Amber v Evan of 1870s, the case of Paul v Constance of 1977 and that of Hanbury of 1905. The four cases try to substantiate the significance of having a clear intention when creating a trust. In above connection, there must be an object certainty for the trust to be present2. However, the magnitude of object certainty may have a significant variation depending on the trust type. The two types of trust include fixed and discretionally trust. In fixed trust, the distribution of property to the beneficiary is fixed. On the contrary, discretionally trust is where the recipients may be from a given class of people. The principle of object certainty may be substantiated by the case law of Morice v Bishop of Durha. It was decided that trust cannot exist and
Wednesday, October 16, 2019
Managing your identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Managing your identity - Essay Example A single real time identity may act several under different identities over the internet. The presentation of an individual in real time may vary from association with positivism to that of negativism. Social sites are rampant for deceitful identity, for instance. Most internet users express the desire to receive positivism attached to their identity while using the internet. However, some internet users prefer negative identity to positivism for vested reasons. Some internet uses involve professionalism and need high level of identity that displays the reality. Others, on the contrary, require low levels of reality of the internet user. The true characteristics of the internet user are subject to a degree of manipulation, in the later case. The media of preference dictates the personality of an individual while using the internet. Communication media that use semantics of language require low levels of identity. It requires a temporary real time personal identity. For choice of media that require that, personalities should have a vivid identity, including webcams for highly engaging interactions, a nearly true personality is
Tuesday, October 15, 2019
Moral Frameworks for Business Ethics Research Paper
Moral Frameworks for Business Ethics - Research Paper Example Organizations undergo in part a morality breadth by which the organizations are ruled. The people who execute are morally responsible to the people they serve. Similarly, they should also be an inspiration by creating trust and leading via common purpose and understanding. The decisions made by corporations cannot be separated from culture, behavior, and structure. A proposal was outlined by some researchers to associate a corporation to its political and social environment in the same way their decisions interfaced with the economic environment and the structure of the industry. This research represented a rigorous understanding call for social and ethical characteristics, which dominated decision making for corporations. In the last ten years, a large amount of journals in ethics has gained development. In the management of corporations, the strategic part of it came into existence recently and currently is used in planning and business. A researcher took a position that was radica l that there is intrinsic worth in stakeholder’s interest irrespective of if its advances to shareholders interest. From this point of view, a corporation’s success is not the last but in another way should be viewed as a vessel to the advancement of stakeholders’ interest. Ethical analysis is the way of arriving at conflicts resolution in goals and morals. It is vital in business. CSR developments have led to the questioning of investments decision’s moral sensitivity. Facts Morality is majorly on the norms, beliefs, and values which are embedded in the process of socialization, which defines the wrong and right of a specific society. All human beings have a morality which is basic in sensing of wrong and right in association with an activity. In a corporation, the management personnel is recognized as moral people. Moral problems majorly concentrate on the harms brought by or caused to people in ways they cannot control. The principle of harm has been d erived from many sources inclusive of utilitarian, contractual, virtue ethics and deontology. According to the utilitarian, the correct actions are the ones which excavate the best from any given situation. Therefore, harming others does not produce anything good, and if harm is prevented there are always good results in most cases. Every manager in any corporation makes decisions based on this case. Moral problems majorly focus on harms caused to specific groups or individuals beyond their control. The moral problems, which are related to working conditions, are complicated as the harm they cause to particular people or group is due to the benefits derived by others. For instance, the employees of a specific company might be working under pathetic conditions as their managers have embezzled some funds that were meant to deal with the situation. In contrary, a company at times has to execute irrespective of the harm that is caused to other people. The secret behind morality is relat ed to the notion that moral issues are not measures which vary with economic and cultural conditions. The application of morality to business has been made more acceptable than before. Morality in business provides an explicit framework of morality within which business can specifically be evaluated activities by corporations.Â
Saving Sourdi Essay Example for Free
Saving Sourdi Essay Part I In â€Å"Saving Sourdi†by May-Lee Chai, the author creates Sourdi and Nea’s characters using description, narration, dialog, and commentary. Description â€Å"Sourdi looked like a statue that had been rescued from the sea. She was smooth where I had angles and soft where I was bone. Sourdi’s face was round, her nose low and wide, her eyes crescent-shaped like the quarter moon, her hair sleek as seaweed. Her skin was a burnished cinnamon color.†(Chai 131) This description portrays Sourdi as an innocent and gentle young lady. Narration â€Å"Sourdi emerged from the kitchen, dressed in a bright pink sweatsuit emblazoned with the head of Minnie Mouse, pink slippers over her feet, the baby on her hip. She had a bruise across her cheekbone and the purple remains of a black eye. Sourdi didn’t say anything for a few seconds as she stared at me, blinking, her mouth falling open. â€Å"Where’s Ma?†(Chai 139) This narration shows that after her arranged marriage, Sourdi is not the girl she used to be because she now has to live with a man whom she doesn’t really love and care for a baby at a young age. Dialog â€Å"Nea, what’s wrong with you?†â€Å"What’s wrong with me? Don’t you get it? I was trying to help you!†Sourdi sighed as the baby spat a spoonful of the glop onto the table. â€Å"I’m a married woman. I’m not just some girl anymore. I have my own family. You understand that?†â€Å"You were crying.†I squinted at my sister. â€Å"I heard you.†â€Å"I’m gonna have another baby, you know. That’s a big step. That’s a big thing.†She said this as though it explained everything. â€Å"You sound like an old lady. You’re only twenty, for Chrissake. You don’t have to live like this. Ma is wrong. You can be anything, Sourdi.†(Chai 140) This narration shows that Sourdi respects her mother’s wishes, even though she doesn’t necessarily agree with them. Commentary â€Å"I ran into the kitchen. I had this idea to get the cook and the cleaver, but the first thing that caught my eye was this little paring knife on the counter next to a bowl of oranges. I grabbed the knife and ran back out to Sourdi.†(Chai 129) This commentary shows that Nea is very protective of her sister and will do anything to help her. Part II â€Å"Saving Sourdi†is told from Nea’s point of view. If Sourdi or the mother was telling the story, it would be told completely different. If the story had been written from Sourdi’s point of view, we would know her feelings about the arranged marriage.We would also know her view of the relationship with her sister. If the story had been written from the mother’s point of view, we would know her reasons for wanting Sourdi to marry Mr. Chhay. We would also know more about her relationship with her daughters. Part III In â€Å"Saving Sourdi†, Nea’s culture affects the story because her family is Asian, and they are trying to adjust to life in America. This is important to take into consideration to understand why certain events are happening in the story. The fantasy of the American Dream is relevant to the story to show why they moved to America. The story states, â€Å"When we moved to South Dakota, I thought we’d find the real America, the one where we were supposed to be†¦Ã¢â‚¬
Monday, October 14, 2019
Maybank BHD Financial Performance Analyis
Maybank BHD Financial Performance Analyis CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Production or gain from a financial institution is depending on some issues whether the external control or the internal control. External control refer to the environment in our country like economy growth and inflation that effect the purchasing power of customer as the price of goods increases, customer demand will increase too. The Malaysian economy actually moves together with strong financial system. Strong financial system of a country will contribute to economic growth. Economic growth of a country like Malaysia is measured in terms of real GDP. According to Travel Document Systems (1996) ,since independent on 1957 until 2005, Malaysian economy had grew by 6.5% per year automatically it become the best country in Asia at that time. Banks nowadays struggled to maintain a good performance in order to fulfill its objectives of satisfying their customers, employees, depositors and government according to Askari Commercial Bank ( 2006 ). The evolution of financial system in Malaysia has been significant. 7.2 per cent economic growth registered by the country last year was the highest achievement over 10 years and was driven by the two stimulus packages as well as the management of countrys financial and banking system by Bank Negara said the Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak (2011) . 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY Profit is the major focus of why everybody struggles to make sure their business going well as profit is the important sources of funds. This paper will measure financial performance of Maybank Bhd and determinant of data by identifying the profitability performance of Maybank Bhd. It is important to understand the profitability of commercial bank after considering certain factors that may contribute to the profitability. The research is based on the performance of Maybank from 2001 to 2010. 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT A financial institution is a profit-seeking organization owned by shareholders who expect to gain return with the risk associated that they have to face. There are many factors that contribute to bank profitability. According to Bankers Journal Malaysia, for Malaysian Banks, more than 80% of their total income is attributed to interest income. Previous studies have also found that interest income and non-interest income have a positive effect on bank profitability. However besides those banking characteristics of internal variables, there are some external variable that may affect the banks profitability performance that cannot be overemphasized like inflation and GDP. Earlier studies by Al-Hajji, Mohsen (2003) have found positive relationship between the GDP and bank profitability. When GDP increases, profitability of the bank will increase too. Adverse result was found about relationship between inflation and bank profitability. This study will answer the question of how interest income, non-interest income, GDP and inflation rate relate with bank profitability also how is well is the performance of Maybank Bhd during the period of study. RESEARCH QUESTION Dependent and independent variables are studied to find solution about the profitability performance of Maybank Berhad. Factors affecting performance of Maybank Berhad can be comprises into external and internal factors. The criteria that will be evaluated are interest income, non-interest income , interest expenses, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and inflation rate. The intent of this study is to examine the effect of all this factors towards performance of Maybank Berhad. This research problem leads to questions concerning relationship between selected criteria. In this research, there are few question were asked as listed below : 1.3.1 To what extend inflation rate effect the performance of Maybank Berhad? What are the relationship between dependent variable and independent variables ? 1.3.3 What is the factor that most effect profitability ratio of Maybank Berhad? 1.4 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY The main objective of this study is to study the factors attributes to the profitability performance of Maybank Bhd. comprises of interest income, non-interest income ,Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and inflation rate. The study also will determine the profitability performance of bank for 10 years period. Apart from that, there are few supporting objectives to support the main purpose were listed below : To study the relationship between internal variables and bank profitability. To identify whether bank cost and bank revenues will contribute to profitability performance of Maybank Bhd. To determine which factors contribute the most to profitability of Maybank Bhd. To analyze the trend of Maybank profitability over 10years and identify Maybanks strength and weaknesses using certain profitability ratios. SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY Bank profits refer to the return on invested capital and it is important to company as well as the shareholder. Bank profits can be considered as benefit to depositors as it shows stronger, safer and efficient banking system in the increases in revenues and services improvements. Indirectly borrowers also will get the benefits since the bank lending rate depends of ability of banks capital accounts. This paper will focus on some categories as follows: Facilitate researcher to find out the major factors contributing to the profitability performance of commercial banks especially Maybank Bhd. To assist the researcher to be more alert on how to manage and overcome problems that could come together with independent variables and provide guides on how to improve profitability performance. Also provide information on banks profitability strength and weaknesses that could be use by the customers as an evaluation of banks performance. The researcher may also view the performance trend of Maybank Bhd. during this 10 years from 2001 to 2010. 1.6 SCOPE OF STUDY This research paper will focus on the financial performance of Maybank Berhad based on banks profitability. The factors that will be evaluate are divided into 2 which are external factors (Gross Domestic Product, and inflation) and internal factors ( interest income, non-interest income ). 1.7 LIMITATION OF STUDY The limitations of this study is the data only for 10years starting 2001 to 2010. Furthermore the data come from secondary data and sometimes may be adequate or accurate. Besides most of the data were gathered from journals, BNM – Maybank annual reports , and articles. 1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS 1.8.1 Profit According to Wikipedia, profit can be considered as the difference between the purchase price and the costs of bringing to market whatever it is that is accounted as an enterprise or in a simple word it means money gained in business. 1.8.2 Interest Income Companies sometimes keep their cash in short-term deposit investments such as certificates or deposit with maturities up to twelve months, savings account, and money market funds. The cash placed in these accounts earn interest for the business, which is recorded on the income statement as interest income. Interest income will fluctuate each year with the amount of cash a company keeps on hand and the general level of interest rates as set by the Federal Reserve. (Source: Joshua Kennen – Investing for beginners guide ) 1.8.3 Operating profit The profit earned from a firms normal core business operations. This value does not include any profit earned from the firms investments (such as earnings from firms in which the company has partial interest) and the effects of interest and taxes. It is also known as earnings before interest and tax (EBIT). (Source:http://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/operating_profit.asp) 1.8.3 Profitability Analysis Analysis that assigns revenues and costs to major customers or groups of customers rather than to organizational units, products, or other objects. The results may direct organizational resources toward more profitable uses. It is an application of segmented reporting in which a customer group is treated as a segment. It is especially helpful when combined with an activity-based costing approach that determines which activities are performed for each group and assigns costs based on appropriate drivers. (Source : http://www.answers.com) 1.8.4 Inflation Inflation is An increase in the amount of currency in circulation, resulting in a relatively sharp and sudden fall in its value and rise in prices: it may be caused by an increase in the volume of paper money issued or of gold mined, or a relative increase in expenditures as when the supply of goods fails to meet the demand. (Source : Websters New Universal Unabridged Dictionary) 1.8.5 Financial Ratios Ratios that measure a firms ability to meet its short-term financial obligations on time, such as the ratio of current assets to current liabilities. (Source : The Free Dictionary by Farlex ) 1.8.6 Gross Domestic Product Gross domestic product (GDP) refers to the market value of all goods and services produced within a country in a given period. It is often considered an indicator of a countrys standard of living. Gross domestic product is related to national accounts, a subject in macroeconomics. ( Source : http://erbwikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_domestic_product ). Interest Expense Interest expense is a non-operating or other expense for the cost of borrowed money or other credit. The amount of interest expense appearing on the income statement is the cost of the money that was used during the time interval shown in the heading of the income statement, not the amount of interest paid during that period of time. (Source : Accounting Couch) SUMMARY In this chapter, we have discussed about the influence of factors affecting profitability performance of Maybank Berhad and the question that need to be answered in this paper. This research examined the bank profitability which focused on both the returns on bank assets and equity, net interest rate margins and net operating margin. High performance comes from effort given by bank management to produce high profit while facing risk related. Firm need to generate income as much as possible as banking institution is a profit-orientation company. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW INTRODUCTION Bank performance depends on the profitability measurement of banks financial statement. It is recognized that the growth of the banking system is dependent on a strong and stable economic development. PREVIOUS STUDY This paper deals with performance of commercial bank, focuses on Maybank Berhad. Some of previous study that relate with this research are Masood et al. (2009) revealed that in case of calculating profitability in terms of ROE or ROA the most significant internal and external factors affecting Saudi banks are capital adequacy ratio, earning assets to deposits ratio, operational efficiency, growth rate in GDP, and banking sector development. He finds also that variables to do with credit risk, inflation rate and interbank offered rate are insignificant and have a low effect on all indicators of profitability. The results in the speech by Tan Sri Dato Ali Abu Hassan Bin Sulaiman, Governor of BNM, (23 September 1998), he stated that since the onset of the financial crisis, BNM had instituted a number of measures , amongst others included tighter loan classficication policy for non-performing loans and a limit on lending for the purchase of shares. Since then, the financial crisis advers ely affected the real economy, resulting in real GDP contracting by 4.8% during the first half of 1998. Year 1998 was a difficult year for the banking system while 1year after that was the recovery year in the performance of banking system. (BNM 1999 Annual Report Press Conference). Haslem (1968) defined profitability as the capacity to gain or profit, or to return a profit or income. Profit is the measured for productive capacity of a company. According to Orl and Yolalan(1990), profitability performance evaluation of a banks should be linked to decision model so as to associate the result obtained with the decision. Meanwhile, according to Bashir and Hassan , (2003) on their study on the factors influencing the profitability of Islamic banks in eight Middle Eastern countries for the period 1993–1998, they find that the higher leverage and large loans-to-asset ratios lead to higher profitability. This study also indicates a positive relationship between macroeconomic variables, stock market development and profitability of banks. Ben Ben Naceur and Goaied (2006) they find that macroeconomic indicators like inflation, GDP, and market concentration ratio have no impact on banks interest margin and profitability. However, financial structure variables (stock market capitalization divided by total assets or GDP) do have a positive effect on the return on assets. Staikouras and Wood (2003) said that macroeconomic indicators (variability of interest rate, growth of GDP) had a negative impact on profitability. Chance and Lane [1980], and Sweeney and Warga [1986] find little evidence that supports the interest rate sensitivity of bank or financial institutions stock returns. On the other hand, studies such as Lynge and Zumwalt [1980], Booth and Officer [19851, Scott and Peterson [1986], and more recently Chaudry and Reichert [1999] suggest that the stock returns of financial institutions are highly sensitive to changes in interest rates. Different result from Kosmidou and Pasiouras (2007) which they examine how a banks specific characteristics and the overall banking environment affect the profitability of commercial domestic and foreign banks operating in the 15 EU countries and they found that the main determinants of profitability measured by ROAA, macroeconomic conditions (inflation, growth of GDP) and financial market structure (stock market capitalization to total assets or to GDP, total assets to GDP) are statistically significant and related to both domestic and foreign banks profitability. Apart from that, Bourke (1989), Heggested (1977) using the consumer price index (CPI) as a proxy for inflation both of them made a research on relationship between profit and inflation and the result, both studies found that inflation had a significant relationship with profit. Earlier study from Revell (1980). believed that inflation could be a factor in the causation of variations in banks profitability. For studied on total expenses, items that fall within the control of bank management can be broadly divided into 3 categories: staff expenses, provision for loan losses, and other general expenses. Expenses, such as payment for income tax, are considered statutory expenses and hence beyond the control of management. Devinaga Rasiah (2010) . THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK In this study, 4 factors were chosen to be evaluated. They are return of unit trust fund, risk level of unit trust, diversification level and last but not least is risk-adjusted level. Below is the relationship between dependent variable and independent variables. Title : Investigation of The Financial Performance of Maybank Berhad Bank interest income Bank Non-Interest Income GDP Inflation rate Bank Profitability Interest Expense DEPENDENT VARIABLE INDEPENDENT VARIABLES CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY AND DATA 3.0 INTRODUCTION This study will analyze the relationship between dependent variable (profitability of Maybank Bhd) and independent variables (interest income, non-interest income, inflation rate and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ).This study will covered 10 years data from 2001 until 2010 and will be done using Statistical Package For Social Science (SPSS). Furthermore, hypothesis will be tested whether it can be accepted or rejected. This will provide more understanding view among variables. The advantage of using profitability ratios is that they are inflation invariant that is they are not affected by changes in price levels. This is useful in a time series analysis such as this, where the real value of profits may be distorted by the time varying inflation rates as stated by Devinaga Rasiah (2010). 3.1 DATA COLLECTION Data was collected using annual reports of Maybank Bhd. The data collection was compiled from the financial statement also the balance sheets from Maybanks annual reports for 10 years.. All the data will be evaluate accordingly to see the relationship between the dependent and independent variables also to test the hypothesis. Besides some of the data comes from Internet website like video on news and some articles which contain information about Maybank Bhd. 3.2 SAMPLING FRAME 10 years data was chosen as to see the latest profitability performance of Maybank Bhd. 10 years data is enough to show the flow of performance of bank to see whether it has consistent performance or not and factors which relate the most to banks performance can be determine. 3.3 SOURCES OF DATA The data on Maybank Berhad financial statements and balance sheets were collected using secondary data which come from: (BNM) Bank Negara Malaysia Annual Reports (2001 until 2010). Bursa Malaysia Internet Website. Library books, articles and magazines. 3.4 VARIABLES AND MEASUREMENT The variables used in this study can be categorized into two main types which are, the dependent and the independent variables. 3.4.1 Dependent Variables The dependent variable for this study is the profitability performance of Maybank Bhd. 3.4.2 Independent Variables There are 4 independent variables in this study which are interest income, non-interest income, inflation rate and Gross Domestic Product(GDP). RESEARCH DESIGN Research design involves a series of rational decision making choices. Various issues regarding the topic will be describe here including purpose of study, types of investigation to be make, time horizon and so on. 3.5.1 Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study is to determine the profitability performance of Maybank Bhd from 2001 to 2010. Besides, this study attempt to analyze the factors relates with the performance of Maybank Bhd. and what are the factor that has the highest impact on Maybank Bhd performance. 3.5.2 Types of Investigation This study involved the multiple regression study on the data from range of 2001 until 2010. This model was chosen because this study has more than 1 independent variable.. 3.5.3 Unit of Analysis Unit analysis for this study are interest income, non-interest income, inflation rate and GDP. 3.5.4 Time Horizon This study will use range data from 2001 until 2010 of Maybank Bhd. 3.7 DATA ANALYSIS AND TREATMENT This study use SPSS, multiple regression study as the statistical tool as to measure how all these variables will influence profitability performance of Maybank Bhd. The multiple regression study will be used to analyze the relationship between dependent variable, which is the profitability of Maybank Bhd and independent variables which includes interest income, inflation rate, GDP and non-interest income. Multiple Linear Regression Model: General Functions: P = f( Inflation rate, interest income, Non-interest income , GDP, e ) Specific Form of Equation: P = a + b1X1 + b2X2 + b3 X3 + b4GDP + b5INF + Where; P = profitability a = Constant b1, b2, b3, b4 = Coefficient Beta value X1 = interest income X2 = non- interest income GDP = Gross Domestic Product INF = Inflation = Error 3.8 HYPOTHESIS STATEMENT There are 5 hypotheses in this study which are: Hypothesis 1 H0: There is no significant relationship between inflation rate and bank profitability. Hypothesis 2 H0: There is no significant relationship between GDP and bank profitability. Hypothesis 3 H0: There is no significant relationship between Interest Income and bank profitability. Hypothesis 4 H0: There is significant relationship between Non-Interest Income and bank profitability. SUMMARY In this chapter, we have discussed about where the data comes from and how the data will be measures to evaluate the significances between dependent variable and the independent variables. The study is designed to examine 5main areas which are interest expense, interest income, non-interest income, inflation rate, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). 10 years data from varieties of secondary sources like Bank Negara Malaysia and internet sources will be evaluated to explain the relationship between profitability performance and factors influence it. .
Saturday, October 12, 2019
Social Security and Corporate Welfare Essays -- Papers Clinton Medicar
Social Security and Corporate Welfare 'Social Securityâ€â€the nation's largest, costliest, and most successful domestic program has reached a critical juncture in its development. As its creators anticipated, nearly every wage earner now pays taxes into the system. In principle, all citizens may be eligible for "entitlements" at some point in their lives. Yet...senior citizens worry that their benefits will be cut; younger Americans are skepticalâ€â€if not cynicalâ€â€about their own benefits upon retirement.'  W. Andrew Achenbaum This summation of the state of Social Security was written more than a twenty years ago. Looking back, it seems as though the Social Security system frequently reaches a state of crisis in which predictions of its end arise. Since it was enacted in 1935, Social Security has been amended often, most recently in 1983, when Congress imposed a tax on the benefits of high-income retirees, raised the retirement age, and revised the tax-rate schedule. Today, the future of Social Security is in the news again. The reason Social Security is of such concern is that the extremely large group of citizens born in the post-World War II periodâ€â€the much-discussed baby-boom generationâ€â€is retiring. The generation that will take its place in the workforce is far smaller in proportion to the number of retirees, raising fears about the sustainability of Social Security. In the past, proposed solutions to the various problems facing Social Security aroused great debate. Each time, however, the arguments were stilled, repairs were made, and the system continued to fulfill its mandate. That uncertainty about the future has resulted in suggestions for change that range from minor adjustments to complete privatization of the ... ...6. Fisher Center for Information Technology & Management, University of California in Berkeley. June 1995 3. Mark E. Nissen. Commerce Model & the Intelligent Hub. CommerceNet CALS Working Group Presentation. November 1995 4. Michael Bloch, Yves Pigneur. The extended enterprise, a descriptive framework, some enabling technologies and case studies in the Lotus Notes environment. Ecole des HEC INFORGE, University of Lausanne, Switzerland. 1995. Jun. Report No.: TR-YP-91. 5.Don Tapscott. The digital economy. McGraw Hill, 1995 6.Brian A. Johnson, John H. Ott, Jack M. Stephenson, Paal K. Weberg. Banking on multimedia. The McKinsey Quarterly 1995. 7.Gregory Wester, Stephen Franco. The Internet Shakeout 1996. Interactive Commerce Research Bulletin. the Yankee Group, Boston, MA. December 1995 8. http://www.emarketer.com/eStats/welcome.html
Friday, October 11, 2019
Formation and Organization of the Athalassic Salt Lakes of Australia :: Geology Research Papers
Formation and Organization of the Athalassic Salt Lakes of Australia Preface Upon my acceptance to the Biomes of Australia 2003 program – a biologically-oriented summer experience in the â€Å"Land Down Under†that, for the 6th consecutive year, has been organized by Dr. Warren Dolphin of Iowa State University – I was presented with the task of writing a research paper on an aspect of the Australian landscape. Anxious to apply my new knowledge of geomorphology and desiring to investigate an ecosystem from the holistic perspective of an environmental scientist, I settled upon investigating the formative elements of athalassic (inland) salt lakes and how they determine the ecological structure of salt lake playas. The research summarized in this report is an assimilation of fragmented literature on the subject and represents an attempt to integrate those pieces for better clarity. I believe that my travel companions, to whom I am obligated to present this information, shall derive a greater understanding of Australian salt lake systems f rom a broad examination of the subject than from an intensely focused analysis of but a single component. Although the information that I present is indeed broad in scope, the reader must realize that it falls short of comprehensiveness. The shear volume of literature prohibits designing anything other than a series of encyclopedias to encompass the full complexity of salt lake systems. It is my hope, rather, that this paper elicits the reader’s curiosity and prompts further reading on this fascinating area. The introduction draws a necessary overview of salt lakes in basic geographic and geologic terms. Part I examines the processes of basin and lake formation, first the physical mechanisms of creation and secondly the concentration of ions within the basin. Part II explores the effects of salinity and other chemical characteristics on lake fauna. Part III explains how climatic adjustments determine the composition of vegetation in and around salt lake basins. Together, these pieces should provide some insight to a central question of this paper: What physical and chemical characteristics of athalassic salt lakes, as determined by the regional climatic and hydrologic regime, determine local ecologies? Abstract The athalassic salt lakes of Australia arose during the continent’s shift to the present arid/semi-arid climate regime. Some, such as Lake Eyre are ephemeral and hold water only after infrequent and irregular rains; others flood intermittently or permanently contain water.
Bold Flash Case Essay
BoldDisk, currently known as Boldflash, was founded in 1982 in Waltham Massachussets. Originally manufacturing computer storage medias like floppy disks for original equipment manufacturers and consumer markets, BoldFlash’s product mix has evolved in due course of time. In 2012, the company began offering customers contemporary solutions in flash memory for products such as digital cameras, mp3s and most importantly smartphones, the latter accounting for 40% of the overall market . However, the inability of the company to keep up to date with the dynamic nature of this 20 billion dollar market has led to the decline of the company in regards to product innovation and customer satisfaction. Even though there are macroeconomic factors that brought about this predicament, the effect of managerial inefficiency also has to be taken into account. This essay will do as such by critically viewing the top-down management approach this company has used from both the human relations and power perspectives. The situation that the company currently finds itself in can be attributed to several factors. When looking at Boldflash’s management from a human relations perspective, the issue of bad management becomes more apparent. The previous vice presidents decision of tackling issues through a top down approach can be one cause to the company’s failure in creating value for customers. One problem with this autocratic approach in an innovation company is that it leads to the breakdown of communication and teamwork. The numerous conflicts between manufacturing and sales can be attributed to the simple fact that the culture of the company was not based on communication between the two parties, it was based on following orders from corporate. This lack of vertical loading, or dispersal of authority, has on one hand an effect of inefficiency in trying to create value for the company and its customers, but it also causes the employees to feel neglected. This apparent disconnect between management and workers can and has caused conflicts within the organization that when not addressed can become, according to Herzberg, hygiene factors that inhibit motivation and therefore innovation in the company. Another problem with this management approach is that it acts as hindrance to the development of new products. The ramifications of taking this McGregor’s Theory x approach, neglects non economic factors such as performance appraisal and participation which are considered as key motivators. Moreover, Maslow’s theory supports the argument that autonomy and room for personal growth are the key motivators for employees to add value to their company through the process of satisfying their own need for self actualization. When looking at this company from a political perspective, the question of how Harrison’s style of management had an effect on the company’s structure is relatively obvious. It is more important to emphasize that the crux of the matter was the major deficits in product development (2nd paragraph; further examined pp.2). According to the present paper, former vice president Jim Harrison commanded a rather strictregiment and had a management style that can be described as autocratic. That suggests the assumption that he made use of Luke’s first dimension of power, namely orders. A clearly visible way of solving conflicts with the results he was in favour of. It’s hardly surprising that this proceeding didn’t lead to a multifarious company culture, or a structure which encourages employees to bring in their ideas. in fact, it shows a second possible reason for BoldFlash’s failure in the tablet-chip market: the market’s potential was not r ecognized to its full extent and was therefore the opportunity was underplayed by management. Another side of BoldFlash’s structural problems are highlighted by the fact that the actual product development group was being led by the marketing department. Disregarded by Harrison ,Cahill notices a loose form of leadership, which – in his view – does not succeed in integrating the talents of the employees. Contrarily to the general culture of strict orders, power is not used much in this group – leaving Cahill with the impression that there were neither clear achievements nor direction in which to move the company. However. the structure of the company is changing as a result of the new vice president. under the structure of a divisionalized form, Robert Cahill leaves to its managers of divisions (Sales, Marketing etc.) the freedom of decision and then controls the results. This enterprise makes sure that the standardization of outputs are respected through an important performance control. (meetings: definitions of targets, objectives and strategies for each division that decisions makers must keep in mind as they make specific decisions in the front). One can now notice that a formal communication exists -limited to transmission of results- between Cahill and the supervisors of each department. Nevertheless we can focus on what create a discord between all workers. It is mainly due to the division’s culture. We notice that even if all the members work at the same final goals, they all have a different vision of how to perform. Thus their main goal becomes to keep it like a â€Å"treasure†and make sure that nobody will treat it; they are on guard and make their best to keep their â€Å"territory†safe, acting without considering the others. In conclusion, the top down model used by the late Jim Harrison and its autocratic nature hinders organizational performance in respect to understanding the market as well as having a cooperative and innovative environment. this approach neglects the inputs of employees and affects their performance as well as their ability to stay motivated, ultimatly affecting the company’s overall success and profitability, as is the case with BoldFlash.Considering that Fiona Wilson wrote a whole book questioning the totalitarian ambition of management theories, it is not surprising that a vice president with an ambition like that analogically narrows the view of the whole organization.
Thursday, October 10, 2019
Digital Fortress Chapter 9
Systems security technician Phil Chartrukian had only intended to be inside Crypto a minute-just long enough to grab some paperwork he'd forgotten the day before. But it was not to be. After making his way across the Crypto floor and stepping into the Sys-Sec lab, he immediately knew something was not right. The computer terminal that perpetually monitored TRANSLTR's internal workings was unmanned and the monitor was switched off. Chartrukian called out, â€Å"Hello?†There was no reply. The lab was spotless-as if no one had been there for hours. Although Chartrukian was only twenty-three and relatively new to the Sys-Sec squad, he'd been trained well, and he knew the drill: There was always a Sys-Sec on duty in Crypto†¦ especially on Saturdays when no cryptographers were around. He immediately powered up the monitor and turned to the duty board on the wall. â€Å"Who's on watch?†he demanded aloud, scanning the list of names. According to the schedule, a young rookie named Seidenberg was supposed to have started a double shift at midnight the night before. Chartrukian glanced around the empty lab and frowned. â€Å"So where the hell is he?†As he watched the monitor power up, Chartrukian wondered if Strathmore knew the Sys-Sec lab was unmanned. He had noticed on his way in that the curtains of Strathmore's workstation were closed, which meant the boss was in-not at all uncommon for a Saturday; Strathmore, despite requesting his cryptographers take Saturdays off, seemed to work 365 days a year. There was one thing Chartrukian knew for certain-if Strathmore found out the Sys-Sec lab was unmanned, it would cost the absent rookie his job. Chartrukian eyed the phone, wondering if he should call the young techie and bail him out; there was an unspoken rule among Sys-Sec that they would watch each other's backs. In Crypto, Sys-Secs were second-class citizens, constantly at odds with the lords of the manor. It was no secret that the cryptographers ruled this multibillion-dollar roost; Sys-Secs were tolerated only because they kept the toys running smoothly. Chartrukian made his decision. He grabbed the phone. But the receiver never reached his ear. He stopped short, his eyes transfixed on the monitor now coming into focus before him. As if in slow motion, he set down the phone and stared in open-mouthed wonder. In eight months as a Sys-Sec, Phil Chartrukian had never seen TRANSLTR's Run-Monitor post anything other than a double zero in the hours field. Today was a first. TIME ELAPSED: 15:17:21 â€Å"Fifteen hours and seventeen minutes?†he choked. â€Å"Impossible!†He rebooted the screen, praying it hadn't refreshed properly. But when the monitor came back to life, it looked the same. Chartrukian felt a chill. Crypto's Sys-Secs had only one responsibility: Keep TRANSLTR â€Å"clean†-virus free. Chartrukian knew that a fifteen-hour run could only mean one thing-infection. An impure file had gotten inside TRANSLTR and was corrupting the programming. Instantly his training kicked in; it no longer mattered that the Sys-Sec lab had been unmanned or the monitors switched off. He focused on the matter at hand-TRANSLTR. He immediately called up a log of all the files that had entered TRANSLTR in the last forty-eight hours. He began scanning the list. Did an infected file get through? he wondered. Could the security filters have missed something? As a precaution, every file entering TRANSLTR had to pass through what was known as Gauntlet-a series of powerful circuit-level gateways, packet filters, and disinfectant programs that scanned inbound files for computer viruses and potentially dangerous subroutines. Files containing programming â€Å"unknown†to Gauntlet were immediately rejected. They had to be checked by hand. Occasionally Gauntlet rejected entirely harmless files on the basis that they contained programming the filters had never seen before. In that case, the Sys-Secs did a scrupulous manual inspection, and only then, on confirmation that the file was clean, did they bypass Gauntlet's filters and send the file into TRANSLTR. Computer viruses were as varied as bacterial viruses. Like their physiological counterparts, computer viruses had one goal-to attach themselves to a host system and replicate. In this case, the host was TRANSLTR. Chartrukian was amazed the NSA hadn't had problems with viruses before. Gauntlet was a potent sentry, but still, the NSA was a bottom feeder, sucking in massive amounts of digital information from systems all over the world. Snooping data was a lot like having indiscriminate sex-protection or no protection, sooner or later you caught something. Chartrukian finished examining the file list before him. He was now more puzzled than before. Every file checked out. Gauntlet had seen nothing out of the ordinary, which meant the file in TRANSLTR was totally clean. â€Å"So what the hell's taking so long?†he demanded of the empty room. Chartrukian felt himself break a sweat. He wondered if he should go disturb Strathmore with the news. â€Å"A virus probe,†Chartrukian said firmly, trying to calm himself down. â€Å"I should run a virus probe.†Chartrukian knew that a virus probe would be the first thing Strathmore would request anyway. Glancing out at the deserted Crypto floor, Chartrukian made his decision. He loaded the viral probe software and launched it. The run would take about fifteen minutes. â€Å"Come back clean,†he whispered. â€Å"Squeaky clean. Tell Daddy it's nothing.†But Chartrukian sensed it was not â€Å"nothing.†Instinct told him something very unusual was going on inside the great decoding beast.
Wednesday, October 9, 2019
Analysis of Earth Hour's Branding Campaigns Essay
Analysis of Earth Hour's Branding Campaigns - Essay Example However, the purpose of this campaign and its analysis is to give present detailed report and a clear conclusion comparing it with the mere recommendation administered from the Earth Hours efforts. WWFs global Initiative – Earth Hour 2014 – is making waves as far as its campaign mission is taken into account. The worldwide fight to bring issues to light about environmental change is in its sixth year in the nation and will be commended tomorrow, March 29. The message of Earth Hour 2014 is to do the switch to renewable vitality. This incorporates the parts and obligations regarding people, associations and the legislature. While the past supporters have incorporated any semblance of Sachin Tendulkar, Abhishek Bachchan, Amir Khan, Vidya Balan and Ajay Devgn, in the not so distant future Arjun Kapoor have been at large in support of this campaign. Alongside Kapoor, a group of territorial stars including Mir (Kolkata), Anirudh (Chennai), Tilak (Bengaluru) and Ram Charan (Hyderabad) have been making great ideas well known in distinctive districts to propel the campaign worldwide (Gorn, 2013). Highlighting his sponsorship for Earth Hour, Arjun Kapoor, tending to the media in Mumbai, states that he is respected to be some piece of such a correlated cause as Earth Hour – a crusade against environmental change that has the backing of a large number of individuals universally. His companionship with Earth Hour he believed that will accumulate him close contact with one of the nations principal protection associations that has been steadily battling against the unfavorable effect of environmental. The worlds heading sexual prosperity-brand has brought out a short film on how engineering, as opposed to bringing individuals close, has prompted expanding division. The understanding they dealt with has been focused around information that demonstrated that 12 for every penny individuals have addressed their telephones throughout sex, and Twitter clients are
Tuesday, October 8, 2019
What is the foundationalist response to the Pyrhhonian sceptical Essay
What is the foundationalist response to the Pyrhhonian sceptical challenge - Essay Example The general argument is that knowledge needs justification (Striker, 72). However, the Pyrhhonian skeptical challenge presents a totally different opinion, which in itself does not reject that knowledge requires justification, but rather offers that the only true way is to remain non-judgmental (Casey, n.p.). Thus, it can simply bee said that the Pyrhhonian sceptical challenge was inspired by ethical concerns, which holds that it is not right to judge that a person does not know, since such a person may not even that he does not know, and thus he might know something after all (Burnyeat, 133). The fundamental principle of the Pyrrhonian Skepticism is that in matters of opinion, observing quietude is noble, while in matters concerning things that are unavoidable, adapting moderate feelings is the most appropriate approach. The essence behind this principle of Pyrrhonian Skepticism is that; a person, who spends his entire life giving opinions regarding anything that is in nature as eit her good or bad, spends his entire life in a disquiet state (Striker, 77). The disquiet in the life a person who keeps categorizing the things off nature as either good or bad emanates from the fact that such a person keeps avoiding the things he considers to be bad in life, while at the same time chasing the things he considers good, yet spending all his energy in trying to avoid losing the goods he considers good, which he has already achieved (Burnyeat, 135). On the contrary, a person who neither opines on anything as either good or bad does not shun or pursue anything eagerly, which then means such a person is unperturbed in life (Striker, 71).
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